implement a BPSK decoder for demodulated data, add hal feature for use on non-STM32 targets

Cargo.toml

@@ -15,36 +15,39 @@ members = ["examples/stm32wle5jc"]
 # Default chip for development/CI. Downstream users should use default-features = false
 # and enable their specific chip feature.
 default = ["stm32wle5jc"]
+# Hardware abstraction layer, which enables embedded radio driver and all hardware deps
+# When it's disabled, some parts of the code, such as BPSK frame decoding, can be used
+hal = ["dep:embassy-stm32", "dep:embassy-time", "dep:defmt", "dep:cortex-m", "dep:embedded-hal", "dep:embedded-hal-async"]
 # Single-core variants
-stm32wle4c8 = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle4c8"]
+stm32wle4c8 = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle4c8"]
-stm32wle4cb = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle4cb"]
+stm32wle4cb = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle4cb"]
-stm32wle4cc = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle4cc"]
+stm32wle4cc = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle4cc"]
-stm32wle4j8 = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle4j8"]
+stm32wle4j8 = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle4j8"]
-stm32wle4jb = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle4jb"]
+stm32wle4jb = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle4jb"]
-stm32wle4jc = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle4jc"]
+stm32wle4jc = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle4jc"]
-stm32wle5c8 = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle5c8"]
+stm32wle5c8 = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle5c8"]
-stm32wle5cb = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle5cb"]
+stm32wle5cb = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle5cb"]
-stm32wle5cc = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle5cc"]
+stm32wle5cc = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle5cc"]
-stm32wle5j8 = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle5j8"]
+stm32wle5j8 = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle5j8"]
-stm32wle5jb = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle5jb"]
+stm32wle5jb = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle5jb"]
-stm32wle5jc = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wle5jc"]
+stm32wle5jc = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wle5jc"]
 # Dual-core variants
-stm32wl54cc-cm0p = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wl54cc-cm0p"]
+stm32wl54cc-cm0p = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wl54cc-cm0p"]
-stm32wl54cc-cm4 = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wl54cc-cm4"]
+stm32wl54cc-cm4 = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wl54cc-cm4"]
-stm32wl54jc-cm0p = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wl54jc-cm0p"]
+stm32wl54jc-cm0p = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wl54jc-cm0p"]
-stm32wl54jc-cm4 = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wl54jc-cm4"]
+stm32wl54jc-cm4 = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wl54jc-cm4"]
-stm32wl55cc-cm0p = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wl55cc-cm0p"]
+stm32wl55cc-cm0p = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wl55cc-cm0p"]
-stm32wl55cc-cm4 = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wl55cc-cm4"]
+stm32wl55cc-cm4 = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wl55cc-cm4"]
-stm32wl55jc-cm0p = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wl55jc-cm0p"]
+stm32wl55jc-cm0p = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wl55jc-cm0p"]
-stm32wl55jc-cm4 = ["embassy-stm32/stm32wl55jc-cm4"]
+stm32wl55jc-cm4 = ["hal", "embassy-stm32/stm32wl55jc-cm4"]
 
 [dependencies]
-embassy-stm32 = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["unstable-pac"] }
+embassy-stm32 = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["unstable-pac"], optional = true }
-embassy-time = "0.5.0"
+embassy-time = { version = "0.5.0", optional = true }
-defmt = "1.0.1"
+defmt = { version = "1.0.1", optional = true }
-cortex-m = { version = "0.7.6", features = ["inline-asm"] }
+cortex-m = { version = "0.7.6", features = ["inline-asm"], optional = true }
-embedded-hal = "1.0.0"
+embedded-hal = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }
-embedded-hal-async = "1.0.0"
+embedded-hal-async = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }
 
 [profile.release]
 debug = 2

examples/stm32wle5jc/src/bin/bpsk_tx.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use embassy_stm32::{
     rcc::{MSIRange, Sysclk, mux},
     spi::Spi,
 };
-use embassy_time::{Duration, Timer};
 use stm32wl_subghz::{
     Configure, PaSelection, Radio, SubGhzSpiDevice, Transmit,
     modulations::bpsk::{Bitrate, BpskConfig, BpskRadio},
@@ -39,19 +38,15 @@ async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
         frequency: 868_100_000,
         bitrate: Bitrate::Bps600,
         pa: PaSelection::HighPower,
-        power_dbm: 17,
+        power_dbm: 22,
         ..Default::default()
     })
     .await
     .unwrap();
 
-    info!("sending stuffs");
+    info!("sending bpsk stuffs");
-    match bpsk.tx(b"hiiiii!").await {
+    match bpsk.tx(b"hiiiii hello :3 :3 :3 this is a looooooooooooooooong text! very long :> and cute! :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 ummmm urghhh awwwooooooo woof wooooof woof").await {
-        Ok(_) => info!("yay :3"),
+        Ok(_) => info!("yay tx done :3"),
         Err(e) => error!("tx error: {:?}", e),
     }
-
-    loop {
-        Timer::after(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
-    }
 }

examples/stm32wle5jc/src/bin/fsk_rx.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+use defmt::{error, info, warn};
+use embassy_executor::Spawner;
+use embassy_stm32::{
+    Config,
+    gpio::{Level, Output, Speed},
+    rcc::{MSIRange, Sysclk, mux},
+    spi::Spi,
+};
+use stm32wl_subghz::{
+    Configure, PaSelection, Radio, RadioError, Receive, SubGhzSpiDevice,
+    modulations::fsk::{Bandwidth, Bitrate, FreqDev, FskConfig, FskRadio},
+};
+use {defmt_rtt as _, panic_probe as _};
+
+#[embassy_executor::main]
+async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
+    let mut config = Config::default();
+    {
+        config.rcc.msi = Some(MSIRange::RANGE48M);
+        config.rcc.sys = Sysclk::MSI;
+        config.rcc.mux.rngsel = mux::Rngsel::MSI;
+        config.enable_debug_during_sleep = true;
+    }
+    let p = embassy_stm32::init(config);
+
+    let spi = SubGhzSpiDevice(Spi::new_subghz(p.SUBGHZSPI, p.DMA1_CH1, p.DMA1_CH2));
+    let rf_tx = Output::new(p.PC4, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let rf_rx = Output::new(p.PC5, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let rf_en = Output::new(p.PC3, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let mut radio = Radio::new(spi, rf_tx, rf_rx, rf_en);
+    radio.init().await.unwrap();
+
+    let mut fsk = FskRadio::new(&mut radio);
+    fsk.configure(&FskConfig {
+        frequency: 868_100_000,
+        bitrate: Bitrate::Custom(600),
+        fdev: FreqDev::Hz(380),
+        bandwidth: Bandwidth::Bw4_8kHz, // >= 2 * (380 + 600/2) = 1.36kHz
+        pa: PaSelection::HighPower,
+        power_dbm: 22,
+        ..Default::default()
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    info!("waiting for fsk stuffs...");
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 255];
+    match fsk.rx(&mut buf, 5_000).await {
+        Ok(len) => info!("yay :3 got {} bytes: {:x}", len, &buf[..len]),
+        Err(RadioError::Timeout) => warn!("nobody is talking to me :<"),
+        Err(e) => error!("rx error: {:?}", e),
+    }
+}

examples/stm32wle5jc/src/bin/fsk_tx.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+use defmt::{error, info};
+use embassy_executor::Spawner;
+use embassy_stm32::{
+    Config,
+    gpio::{Level, Output, Speed},
+    rcc::{MSIRange, Sysclk, mux},
+    spi::Spi,
+};
+use stm32wl_subghz::{
+    Configure, PaSelection, Radio, SubGhzSpiDevice, Transmit,
+    modulations::fsk::{Bitrate, FreqDev, FskConfig, FskRadio},
+};
+use {defmt_rtt as _, panic_probe as _};
+
+#[embassy_executor::main]
+async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
+    let mut config = Config::default();
+    {
+        config.rcc.msi = Some(MSIRange::RANGE48M);
+        config.rcc.sys = Sysclk::MSI;
+        config.rcc.mux.rngsel = mux::Rngsel::MSI;
+        config.enable_debug_during_sleep = true;
+    }
+    let p = embassy_stm32::init(config);
+
+    let spi = SubGhzSpiDevice(Spi::new_subghz(p.SUBGHZSPI, p.DMA1_CH1, p.DMA1_CH2));
+    let rf_tx = Output::new(p.PC4, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let rf_rx = Output::new(p.PC5, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let rf_en = Output::new(p.PC3, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let mut radio = Radio::new(spi, rf_tx, rf_rx, rf_en);
+    radio.init().await.unwrap();
+
+    let mut fsk = FskRadio::new(&mut radio);
+    fsk.configure(&FskConfig {
+        frequency: 868_100_000,
+        bitrate: Bitrate::Custom(600),
+        fdev: FreqDev::Hz(380),
+        pa: PaSelection::HighPower,
+        power_dbm: 22,
+        ..Default::default()
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    info!("sending fsk stuffs");
+    match fsk.tx(b"hiiiii hello :3 :3 :3 this is a looooooooooooooooong text! very long :> and cute! :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 ummmm urghhh awwwooooooo woof wooooof woof").await {
+        Ok(_) => info!("yay tx done :3"),
+        Err(e) => error!("tx error: {:?}", e),
+    }
+}

examples/stm32wle5jc/src/bin/lora_rx.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
     lora.configure(&LoraConfig {
         frequency: 868_100_000,
         sf: SpreadingFactor::SF9,
-        bw: Bandwidth::Bw7_8kHz,
+        bw: Bandwidth::Bw20_83kHz,
         pa: PaSelection::HighPower,
         power_dbm: 22,
         ..Default::default()
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
     .await
     .unwrap();
 
-    info!("waiting for packet...");
+    info!("waiting for lora stuffs...");
     let mut buf = [0u8; 255];
     match lora.rx(&mut buf, 5_000).await {
-        Ok(len) => info!("rx {} bytes: {:x}", len, &buf[..len]),
+        Ok(len) => info!("yay :3 got {} bytes: {:x}", len, &buf[..len]),
-        Err(RadioError::Timeout) => warn!("no packet received (timeout)"),
+        Err(RadioError::Timeout) => warn!("nobody is talking to me :<"),
         Err(e) => error!("rx error: {:?}", e),
     }
 

examples/stm32wle5jc/src/bin/lora_tx.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use embassy_stm32::{
     rcc::{MSIRange, Sysclk, mux},
     spi::Spi,
 };
-use embassy_time::{Duration, Timer};
 use stm32wl_subghz::{
     Configure, PaSelection, Radio, SubGhzSpiDevice, Transmit,
     modulations::lora::{Bandwidth, LoraConfig, LoraRadio, SpreadingFactor},
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
     lora.configure(&LoraConfig {
         frequency: 868_100_000,
         sf: SpreadingFactor::SF9,
-        bw: Bandwidth::Bw7_8kHz,
+        bw: Bandwidth::Bw20_83kHz,
         pa: PaSelection::HighPower,
         power_dbm: 22,
         ..Default::default()
@@ -46,13 +45,9 @@ async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
     .await
     .unwrap();
 
-    info!("sending stuffs");
+    info!("sending lora stuffs");
-    match lora.tx(b"hiiiiiII!").await {
+    match lora.tx(b"hiiiii hello :3 :3 :3 this is a looooooooooooooooong text! very long :> and cute! :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 ummmm urghhh awwwooooooo woof wooooof woof").await {
-        Ok(_) => info!("yay :3"),
+        Ok(_) => info!("yay tx done :3"),
         Err(e) => error!("tx error: {:?}", e),
     }
-
-    loop {
-        Timer::after(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
-    }
 }

examples/stm32wle5jc/src/bin/msk_rx.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+use defmt::{error, info, warn};
+use embassy_executor::Spawner;
+use embassy_stm32::{
+    Config,
+    gpio::{Level, Output, Speed},
+    rcc::{MSIRange, Sysclk, mux},
+    spi::Spi,
+};
+use stm32wl_subghz::{
+    Configure, PaSelection, Radio, RadioError, Receive, SubGhzSpiDevice,
+    modulations::msk::{Bitrate, MskConfig, MskRadio, PulseShape},
+};
+use {defmt_rtt as _, panic_probe as _};
+
+#[embassy_executor::main]
+async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
+    let mut config = Config::default();
+    {
+        config.rcc.msi = Some(MSIRange::RANGE48M);
+        config.rcc.sys = Sysclk::MSI;
+        config.rcc.mux.rngsel = mux::Rngsel::MSI;
+        config.enable_debug_during_sleep = true;
+    }
+    let p = embassy_stm32::init(config);
+
+    let spi = SubGhzSpiDevice(Spi::new_subghz(p.SUBGHZSPI, p.DMA1_CH1, p.DMA1_CH2));
+    let rf_tx = Output::new(p.PC4, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let rf_rx = Output::new(p.PC5, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let rf_en = Output::new(p.PC3, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let mut radio = Radio::new(spi, rf_tx, rf_rx, rf_en);
+    radio.init().await.unwrap();
+
+    let mut msk = MskRadio::new(&mut radio);
+    msk.configure(&MskConfig {
+        frequency: 868_100_000,
+        bitrate: Bitrate::Custom(600),
+        pulse_shape: PulseShape::GaussianBt05,
+        pa: PaSelection::HighPower,
+        power_dbm: 22,
+        ..Default::default()
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    info!("waiting for msk stuffs...");
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 255];
+    match msk.rx(&mut buf, 5_000).await {
+        Ok(len) => info!("yay :3 got {} bytes: {:x}", len, &buf[..len]),
+        Err(RadioError::Timeout) => warn!("nobody is talking to me :<"),
+        Err(e) => error!("rx error: {:?}", e),
+    }
+}

examples/stm32wle5jc/src/bin/msk_tx.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+use defmt::{error, info};
+use embassy_executor::Spawner;
+use embassy_stm32::{
+    Config,
+    gpio::{Level, Output, Speed},
+    rcc::{MSIRange, Sysclk, mux},
+    spi::Spi,
+};
+use stm32wl_subghz::{
+    Configure, PaSelection, Radio, SubGhzSpiDevice, Transmit,
+    modulations::msk::{Bitrate, MskConfig, MskRadio, PulseShape},
+};
+use {defmt_rtt as _, panic_probe as _};
+
+#[embassy_executor::main]
+async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
+    let mut config = Config::default();
+    {
+        config.rcc.msi = Some(MSIRange::RANGE48M);
+        config.rcc.sys = Sysclk::MSI;
+        config.rcc.mux.rngsel = mux::Rngsel::MSI;
+        config.enable_debug_during_sleep = true;
+    }
+    let p = embassy_stm32::init(config);
+
+    let spi = SubGhzSpiDevice(Spi::new_subghz(p.SUBGHZSPI, p.DMA1_CH1, p.DMA1_CH2));
+    let rf_tx = Output::new(p.PC4, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let rf_rx = Output::new(p.PC5, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let rf_en = Output::new(p.PC3, Level::Low, Speed::High);
+    let mut radio = Radio::new(spi, rf_tx, rf_rx, rf_en);
+    radio.init().await.unwrap();
+
+    let mut msk = MskRadio::new(&mut radio);
+    msk.configure(&MskConfig {
+        frequency: 868_100_000,
+        bitrate: Bitrate::Custom(600),
+        pulse_shape: PulseShape::GaussianBt05,
+        pa: PaSelection::HighPower,
+        power_dbm: 22,
+        ..Default::default()
+    })
+    .await
+    .unwrap();
+
+    info!("sending msk stuffs");
+    match msk.tx(b"hiiiii hello :3 :3 :3 this is a looooooooooooooooong text! very long :> and cute! :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 :3 ummmm urghhh awwwooooooo woof wooooof woof").await {
+        Ok(_) => info!("yay tx done :3"),
+        Err(e) => error!("tx error: {:?}", e),
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
-#![no_std]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "hal", no_std)]
 #![allow(async_fn_in_trait)]
 
-pub mod error;
 pub mod modulations;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
+pub mod error;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub mod radio;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub mod spi;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub mod traits;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub use error::RadioError;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub use radio::{PaSelection, Radio};
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub use spi::SubGhzSpiDevice;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub use traits::{Configure, Receive, Transmit};

src/modulations/bpsk.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,24 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 use defmt::debug;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 use embedded_hal::digital::OutputPin;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 use embedded_hal_async::spi::SpiDevice;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 use crate::{
     RadioError,
     radio::{PaSelection, PacketType, Radio, RampTime, irq},
     traits::{Configure, Transmit},
 };
 
+#[cfg(not(feature = "hal"))]
+use std::vec::Vec;
+
 /// BPSK bitrate
 /// Formula: register = (32 * 32_000_000) / bps
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "hal", derive(defmt::Format))]
 pub enum Bitrate {
     /// 100 bits per second
     Bps100,
@@ -22,7 +30,7 @@ pub enum Bitrate {
 
 impl Bitrate {
     /// Get the 3-byte register value for this bitrate
-    fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; 3] {
+    pub fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; 3] {
         let val = match self {
             Bitrate::Bps100 => 0x9C4000,
             Bitrate::Bps600 => 0x1A0AAA,
@@ -32,6 +40,337 @@ impl Bitrate {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "hal", derive(defmt::Format))]
+pub enum CrcType {
+    None,
+    /// Using a common 0x07 polynomial
+    Crc8,
+    /// CRC-16 CCITT using 0x1021 polynomial
+    Crc16,
+}
+
+impl CrcType {
+    pub fn compute(self, data: &[u8]) -> (u16, usize) {
+        match self {
+            CrcType::None => (0, 0),
+            CrcType::Crc8 => {
+                let mut crc: u8 = 0x00;
+                for &byte in data {
+                    crc ^= byte;
+                    for _ in 0..8 {
+                        if crc & 0x80 != 0 {
+                            crc = (crc << 1) ^ 0x07;
+                        } else {
+                            crc <<= 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                (crc as u16, 1)
+            }
+            CrcType::Crc16 => {
+                let mut crc: u16 = 0xFFFF;
+                for &byte in data {
+                    crc ^= (byte as u16) << 8;
+                    for _ in 0..8 {
+                        if crc & 0x8000 != 0 {
+                            crc = (crc << 1) ^ 0x1021;
+                        } else {
+                            crc <<= 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                (crc, 2)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write(self, crc: u16, buf: &mut [u8]) {
+        match self {
+            CrcType::None => {}
+            CrcType::Crc8 => {
+                buf[0] = crc as u8;
+            }
+            CrcType::Crc16 => {
+                buf[0] = (crc >> 8) as u8;
+                buf[1] = crc as u8;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "hal", derive(defmt::Format))]
+pub enum Whitening {
+    None,
+    Ccitt,
+}
+
+impl Whitening {
+    pub fn apply(self, seed: u16, data: &mut [u8]) {
+        match self {
+            Whitening::None => return,
+            Whitening::Ccitt => {}
+        }
+
+        // Calculate CCITT whitening using x^9 + x^4 + 1 polynomial and LFSR
+        let mut lfsr: u16 = seed & 0x1FF;
+        for byte in data.iter_mut() {
+            let mut mask = 0u8;
+            for bit in 0..8 {
+                let feedback = ((lfsr >> 8) ^ (lfsr >> 3)) & 1;
+                lfsr = ((lfsr << 1) | feedback) & 0x1FF;
+                mask |= (feedback as u8) << (7 - bit);
+            }
+            *byte ^= mask;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "hal"))]
+pub struct DecodeResult {
+    /// On which bit the sync word was found
+    pub bit_offset: usize,
+    /// Signal was phase-inverted
+    pub inverted: bool,
+    /// Decoded payload
+    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
+    /// CRC matches
+    pub crc_valid: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "hal", derive(defmt::Format))]
+pub enum BpskPacket {
+    /// No framing, just send raw data
+    Raw,
+    /// Use a configurable framing
+    Framing {
+        /// Length of the preamble (0xAA) in bytes
+        preamble_len: usize,
+        /// Synchronization word (max 32 bytes)
+        sync_word: [u8; 32],
+        /// Sync word length
+        sync_word_len: usize,
+        /// CRC size (0, 1 or 2 bytes)
+        crc_type: CrcType,
+        /// Whitening algorithm
+        whitening: Whitening,
+        /// Whitening LFSR seed (9-bit, 0x000..0x1FF)
+        whitening_seed: u16,
+    },
+}
+
+impl BpskPacket {
+    pub fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Framing {
+            preamble_len: 32,
+            // Baker-13 code (2 bytes)
+            sync_word: [
+                0x1F, 0x35, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            ],
+            sync_word_len: 2,
+            crc_type: CrcType::Crc16,
+            whitening: Whitening::Ccitt,
+            whitening_seed: 0x1FF,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "hal")]
+    pub fn to_bytes(self, payload: &[u8], buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<u8, RadioError> {
+        match self {
+            BpskPacket::Raw => {
+                // Simple copy operation, no modifications made
+                buf[..payload.len()].copy_from_slice(payload);
+                payload
+                    .len()
+                    .try_into()
+                    .map_err(|_| RadioError::PayloadTooLarge)
+            }
+            BpskPacket::Framing {
+                preamble_len,
+                sync_word,
+                sync_word_len,
+                crc_type,
+                whitening,
+                whitening_seed,
+            } => {
+                let len_field_size = 1;
+                let crc_size = match crc_type {
+                    CrcType::None => 0,
+                    CrcType::Crc8 => 1,
+                    CrcType::Crc16 => 2,
+                };
+                // Validate packet length
+                let total =
+                    preamble_len + sync_word_len + len_field_size + payload.len() + crc_size;
+
+                if total > buf.len() {
+                    return Err(RadioError::PayloadTooLarge);
+                }
+
+                // Keeps track of the current position in the buffer
+                let mut pos = 0;
+
+                // Write preamble which consists of 0xAA symbols
+                buf[pos..pos + preamble_len].fill(0xAA);
+                pos += preamble_len;
+
+                // Write sync word
+                buf[pos..pos + sync_word_len].copy_from_slice(&sync_word[..sync_word_len]);
+                pos += sync_word_len;
+
+                // Actual payload starts here
+                let data_start = pos;
+
+                // Write length info
+                let payload_len: u8 = payload
+                    .len()
+                    .try_into()
+                    .map_err(|_| RadioError::PayloadTooLarge)?;
+                buf[pos] = payload_len;
+                pos += 1;
+
+                // Copy the original payload itself
+                buf[pos..pos + payload.len()].copy_from_slice(payload);
+                pos += payload.len();
+
+                // Compute CRC before the whitening
+                let (crc, crc_len) = crc_type.compute(&buf[data_start..pos]);
+                crc_type.write(crc, &mut buf[pos..]);
+                pos += crc_len;
+
+                // Apply whitening
+                whitening.apply(whitening_seed, &mut buf[data_start..pos]);
+
+                // Additional validation - if buffer position can't fit in u8, it's invalid
+                pos.try_into().map_err(|_| RadioError::PayloadTooLarge)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "hal"))]
+    pub fn decode(&self, data: &[u8]) -> Vec<DecodeResult> {
+        match self {
+            // Can't do much with Raw packets so just return the same data and accept as valid
+            BpskPacket::Raw => vec![DecodeResult {
+                bit_offset: 0,
+                inverted: false,
+                payload: data.to_vec(),
+                crc_valid: true,
+            }],
+            BpskPacket::Framing {
+                preamble_len: _,
+                sync_word,
+                sync_word_len,
+                crc_type,
+                whitening,
+                whitening_seed,
+            } => {
+                let sync_word = &sync_word[..*sync_word_len];
+                let sync_bits = sync_word_len * 8;
+                let total_bits = data.len() * 8;
+                let mut results = Vec::new();
+
+                let crc_len = match crc_type {
+                    CrcType::None => 0,
+                    CrcType::Crc8 => 1,
+                    CrcType::Crc16 => 2,
+                };
+
+                // Go through every bit, giving space to the sync word length
+                for i in 0..total_bits.saturating_sub(sync_bits) {
+                    let mut matching: usize = 0;
+                    for j in 0..sync_bits {
+                        // Compare the sync word bit-by-bit against the data stream
+                        let data_bit = (data[(i + j) / 8] >> (7 - ((i + j) % 8))) & 1;
+                        let sync_bit = (sync_word[j / 8] >> (7 - (j % 8))) & 1;
+
+                        if data_bit == sync_bit {
+                            matching += 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Allow up to 2 bit errors, if <= 2 bits match or unmatch, it's an accepted
+                    // normal or phase-inverted data
+                    let inverted = if sync_bits - matching <= 2 {
+                        false
+                    } else if matching <= 2 {
+                        true
+                    } else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
+
+                    // Extract bytes that happen after the sync word is found at any bit offset
+                    let bit_start = i + sync_bits;
+                    let remaining_bytes = (total_bits - bit_start) / 8;
+                    if remaining_bytes == 0 {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // Reassemble bytes from arbitrary bit positions after sync word is found at offset `i`
+                    let mut raw = vec![0u8; remaining_bytes];
+                    for b in 0..remaining_bytes {
+                        let mut byte = 0u8;
+                        for bit in 0..8 {
+                            let idx = bit_start + b * 8 + bit;
+                            let mut val = (data[idx / 8] >> (7 - (idx % 8))) & 1;
+                            // Handle the 180 degree phase ambiguity
+                            if inverted {
+                                val ^= 1;
+                            }
+
+                            byte |= val << (7 - bit);
+                        }
+                        raw[b] = byte;
+                    }
+
+                    // De-whiten by applying the same whitening operation again (it's reversible)
+                    whitening.apply(*whitening_seed, &mut raw);
+
+                    // Extract payload length
+                    let (payload_start, payload_len) = (1, raw[0] as usize);
+
+                    if payload_len == 0 {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if payload_start + payload_len + crc_len > raw.len() {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // Verify CRC over len field and payload
+                    let crc_data = &raw[..payload_start + payload_len];
+                    let (crc_computed, _) = crc_type.compute(crc_data);
+
+                    let crc_valid = match crc_type {
+                        CrcType::None => true,
+                        CrcType::Crc8 => raw[payload_start + payload_len] == crc_computed as u8,
+                        CrcType::Crc16 => {
+                            // Assemble u16 from two bytes
+                            let received = ((raw[payload_start + payload_len] as u16) << 8)
+                                | raw[payload_start + payload_len + 1] as u16;
+                            received == crc_computed
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    results.push(DecodeResult {
+                        bit_offset: i,
+                        inverted,
+                        payload: raw[payload_start..payload_start + payload_len].to_vec(),
+                        crc_valid,
+                    });
+                }
+
+                results
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
 pub struct BpskConfig {
     pub frequency: u32,
@@ -39,8 +378,10 @@ pub struct BpskConfig {
     pub pa: PaSelection,
     pub power_dbm: i8,
     pub ramp: RampTime,
+    pub packet: BpskPacket,
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 impl Default for BpskConfig {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -49,17 +390,20 @@ impl Default for BpskConfig {
             pa: PaSelection::LowPower,
             power_dbm: 14,
             ramp: RampTime::Us40,
+            packet: BpskPacket::default(),
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// BPSK modulation - borrows a Radio, implements Configure + Transmit
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub struct BpskRadio<'a, SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> {
     radio: &'a mut Radio<SPI, TX, RX, EN>,
     payload_len: u8,
     config: BpskConfig,
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 impl<'a, SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin>
     BpskRadio<'a, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
 {
@@ -87,6 +431,7 @@ impl<'a, SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin>
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Configure
     for BpskRadio<'_, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
 {
@@ -119,20 +464,21 @@ impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Configure
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Transmit
     for BpskRadio<'_, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
 {
     async fn tx(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
-        if data.len() > 255 {
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 255];
-            return Err(RadioError::PayloadTooLarge);
+        // Convert buffer to packet with chosen framing
-        }
+        let len = self.config.packet.to_bytes(data, &mut buf)?;
 
         // Write payload to radio buffer
         self.radio.set_buffer_base(0x00, 0x00).await?;
-        self.radio.write_buffer(0x00, data).await?;
+        self.radio.write_buffer(0x00, &buf[..len as usize]).await?;
 
         // Update packet params with actual payload length
-        self.update_payload_len(data.len() as u8).await?;
+        self.update_payload_len(len).await?;
 
         // Clear any stale IRQ flags before starting TX
         self.radio.clear_irq(irq::ALL).await?;

src/modulations/fsk.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+use defmt::{debug, trace};
+use embedded_hal::digital::OutputPin;
+use embedded_hal_async::spi::SpiDevice;
+
+use crate::{
+    RadioError,
+    radio::{PaSelection, PacketType, Radio, RampTime, RxGain, irq},
+    traits::{Configure, Receive, Transmit},
+};
+
+/// (G)FSK bitrate
+/// Formula: register = 32 * 32 MHz / bitrate
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+pub enum Bitrate {
+    /// Arbitrary bitrate in bits per second
+    Custom(u32),
+}
+
+impl Bitrate {
+    /// Get the 3-byte BR register value (FSK formula: 32 * fxosc / bitrate)
+    pub fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; 3] {
+        let val = (32u64 * 32_000_000) / self.bps() as u64;
+        [(val >> 16) as u8, (val >> 8) as u8, val as u8]
+    }
+
+    /// Get the raw bitrate in bps
+    pub fn bps(self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            Bitrate::Custom(bps) => bps,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Gaussian pulse shape filter
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum PulseShape {
+    /// No filter applied
+    None = 0x00,
+    /// Gaussian filter BT 0.3
+    GaussianBt03 = 0x08,
+    /// Gaussian filter BT 0.5
+    GaussianBt05 = 0x09,
+    /// Gaussian filter BT 0.7
+    GaussianBt07 = 0x0A,
+    /// Gaussian filter BT 1.0
+    GaussianBt10 = 0x0B,
+}
+
+/// FSK receiver bandwidth
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum Bandwidth {
+    Bw4_8kHz = 0x1F,
+    Bw5_8kHz = 0x17,
+    Bw7_3kHz = 0x0F,
+    Bw9_7kHz = 0x1E,
+    Bw11_7kHz = 0x16,
+    Bw14_6kHz = 0x0E,
+    Bw19_5kHz = 0x1D,
+    Bw23_4kHz = 0x15,
+    Bw29_3kHz = 0x0D,
+    Bw39kHz = 0x1C,
+    Bw46_9kHz = 0x14,
+    Bw58_6kHz = 0x0C,
+    Bw78_2kHz = 0x1B,
+    Bw93_8kHz = 0x13,
+    Bw117_3kHz = 0x0B,
+    Bw156_2kHz = 0x1A,
+    Bw187_2kHz = 0x12,
+    Bw234_3kHz = 0x0A,
+    Bw312kHz = 0x19,
+    Bw373_6kHz = 0x11,
+    Bw467kHz = 0x09,
+}
+
+/// CRC type for FSK packet params
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum CrcType {
+    Off = 0x01,
+    /// 1-byte CRC
+    Crc1Byte = 0x00,
+    /// 2-byte CRC
+    Crc2Byte = 0x02,
+    /// 1-byte CRC inverted
+    Crc1ByteInv = 0x04,
+    /// 2-byte CRC inverted
+    Crc2ByteInv = 0x06,
+}
+
+/// Preamble detection length
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum PreambleDetLength {
+    /// Preamble detection disabled
+    Off = 0x00,
+    /// 8-bit preamble detection
+    Bits8 = 0x04,
+    /// 16-bit preamble detection
+    Bits16 = 0x05,
+    /// 24-bit preamble detection
+    Bits24 = 0x06,
+    /// 32-bit preamble detection
+    Bits32 = 0x07,
+}
+
+/// Address comparison/filtering mode
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum AddrComp {
+    /// Address filtering disabled
+    Off = 0x00,
+    /// Filter on node address
+    Node = 0x01,
+    /// Filter on node and broadcast addresses
+    NodeBroadcast = 0x02,
+}
+
+/// Packet length type
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum PacketLengthType {
+    /// Fixed payload length, no header
+    Fixed = 0x00,
+    /// Variable payload length, header added to packet
+    Variable = 0x01,
+}
+
+/// Frequency deviation
+/// Formula: register = deviation_hz * 2^25 / 32 MHz
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+pub enum FreqDev {
+    /// Deviation in Hz
+    Hz(u32),
+}
+
+impl FreqDev {
+    /// Get the 3-byte Fdev register value
+    pub fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; 3] {
+        let FreqDev::Hz(hz) = self;
+        let val = ((hz as u64) * (1 << 25)) / 32_000_000;
+        [(val >> 16) as u8, (val >> 8) as u8, val as u8]
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+pub struct FskConfig {
+    pub frequency: u32,
+    pub bitrate: Bitrate,
+    pub pulse_shape: PulseShape,
+    pub bandwidth: Bandwidth,
+    pub fdev: FreqDev,
+    pub preamble_len: u16,
+    pub preamble_det: PreambleDetLength,
+    /// Sync word bytes (1-8) written to SUBGHZ_GSYNCR (0x06C0)
+    pub sync_word: [u8; 8],
+    pub addr_comp: AddrComp,
+    pub packet_type: PacketLengthType,
+    pub crc: CrcType,
+    pub whitening: bool,
+    pub rx_gain: RxGain,
+    pub pa: PaSelection,
+    pub power_dbm: i8,
+    pub ramp: RampTime,
+}
+
+impl Default for FskConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            frequency: 868_100_000,
+            bitrate: Bitrate::Custom(9600),
+            pulse_shape: PulseShape::GaussianBt05,
+            bandwidth: Bw46_9kHz,
+            fdev: FreqDev::Hz(25_000),
+            preamble_len: 32,
+            preamble_det: PreambleDetLength::Bits8,
+            // default values taken from RF0461 reference manual
+            sync_word: [0x97, 0x23, 0x52, 0x25, 0x56, 0x53, 0x65, 0x64],
+            addr_comp: AddrComp::Off,
+            packet_type: PacketLengthType::Variable,
+            crc: CrcType::Crc2Byte,
+            whitening: true,
+            rx_gain: RxGain::Boosted,
+            pa: PaSelection::LowPower,
+            power_dbm: 14,
+            ramp: RampTime::Us40,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Import for default
+use Bandwidth::Bw46_9kHz;
+
+/// (G)FSK modulation - borrows a Radio, implements Configure + Transmit + Receive
+pub struct FskRadio<'a, SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> {
+    radio: &'a mut Radio<SPI, TX, RX, EN>,
+    payload_len: u8,
+    config: FskConfig,
+}
+
+impl<'a, SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin>
+    FskRadio<'a, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
+{
+    pub fn new(radio: &'a mut Radio<SPI, TX, RX, EN>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            radio,
+            payload_len: 0,
+            config: FskConfig::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Re-send SetPacketParams with updated payload length
+    async fn update_payload_len(&mut self, len: u8) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
+        debug!("Updating payload length to {}", len);
+        if len == self.payload_len {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        self.payload_len = len;
+        self.send_packet_params(len).await
+    }
+
+    /// Send FSK SetPacketParams
+    async fn send_packet_params(&mut self, payload_len: u8) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
+        let cfg = &self.config;
+        self.radio
+            .set_packet_params(&[
+                (cfg.preamble_len >> 8) as u8,
+                cfg.preamble_len as u8,
+                cfg.preamble_det as u8,
+                cfg.sync_word.len() as u8 * 8, // SyncWordLen in bits
+                cfg.addr_comp as u8,
+                cfg.packet_type as u8,
+                payload_len,
+                cfg.crc as u8,
+                if cfg.whitening { 0x01 } else { 0x00 },
+            ])
+            .await
+    }
+}
+
+impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Configure
+    for FskRadio<'_, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
+{
+    type Config = FskConfig;
+
+    async fn configure(&mut self, config: &Self::Config) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
+        self.config = *config;
+
+        self.radio.set_packet_type(PacketType::Fsk).await?;
+
+        // Write sync word to SUBGHZ_GSYNCR (0x06C0)
+        self.radio.write_register(0x06C0, &config.sync_word).await?;
+
+        // Set FSK packet params
+        self.send_packet_params(0).await?;
+
+        // RF frequency
+        self.radio.set_rf_frequency(config.frequency).await?;
+
+        // Modulation params
+        let br = config.bitrate.to_bytes();
+        let fdev = config.fdev.to_bytes();
+        self.radio
+            .set_modulation_params(&[
+                br[0],
+                br[1],
+                br[2],
+                config.pulse_shape as u8,
+                config.bandwidth as u8,
+                fdev[0],
+                fdev[1],
+                fdev[2],
+            ])
+            .await?;
+
+        // PA config + TX power
+        self.radio
+            .set_output_power(config.pa, config.power_dbm, config.ramp)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Transmit
+    for FskRadio<'_, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
+{
+    async fn tx(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
+        if data.len() > 255 {
+            return Err(RadioError::PayloadTooLarge);
+        }
+
+        // Write payload to radio buffer
+        self.radio.set_buffer_base(0x00, 0x00).await?;
+        self.radio.write_buffer(0x00, data).await?;
+
+        // Update packet params with actual payload length
+        self.update_payload_len(data.len() as u8).await?;
+
+        // Clear any stale IRQ flags before starting TX
+        self.radio.clear_irq(irq::ALL).await?;
+
+        // Enable IRQs on DIO1
+        self.radio.set_dio1_irq(irq::TX_DONE | irq::TIMEOUT).await?;
+
+        // Start TX
+        self.radio.set_tx(0).await?;
+
+        // Wait until it's done or until timeout
+        let status = self.radio.poll_irq(irq::TX_DONE | irq::TIMEOUT).await?;
+        if status & irq::TIMEOUT != 0 {
+            return Err(RadioError::Timeout);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Receive
+    for FskRadio<'_, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
+{
+    async fn rx(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8], timeout_ms: u32) -> Result<usize, RadioError> {
+        // Set max payload length we can accept
+        let max_len = buf.len().min(255) as u8;
+        self.update_payload_len(max_len).await?;
+
+        // Set buffer base addresses
+        self.radio.set_buffer_base(0x00, 0x00).await?;
+
+        // Clear any stale IRQ flags before starting RX
+        self.radio.clear_irq(irq::ALL).await?;
+
+        // Enable RX-related IRQs on DIO1
+        self.radio
+            .set_dio1_irq(irq::RX_DONE | irq::TIMEOUT | irq::CRC_ERR | irq::SYNC_WORD_VALID)
+            .await?;
+
+        // Stop RX timer on preamble detection (required for proper RX behavior)
+        self.radio.set_stop_rx_timer_on_preamble(true).await?;
+
+        // Set RX gain
+        self.radio
+            .write_register(0x08AC, &[self.config.rx_gain as u8])
+            .await?;
+
+        // Convert ms to 15.625µs steps, 0 = single, 0xFFFFFF = continuous
+        let timeout_steps = if timeout_ms == 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            timeout_ms.saturating_mul(64).min(0xFFFFFF)
+        };
+        self.radio.set_rx(timeout_steps).await?;
+
+        // Wait for something to happen
+        let status = self
+            .radio
+            .poll_irq(irq::RX_DONE | irq::TIMEOUT | irq::CRC_ERR)
+            .await?;
+
+        // Check what happened
+        if status & irq::TIMEOUT != 0 {
+            return Err(RadioError::Timeout);
+        }
+        if status & irq::CRC_ERR != 0 {
+            return Err(RadioError::CrcInvalid);
+        }
+
+        // Read received data from the radio buffer
+        let (len, offset) = self.radio.get_rx_buffer_status().await?;
+        let read_len = len.min(buf.len() as u8);
+        self.radio
+            .read_buffer(offset, &mut buf[..read_len as usize])
+            .await?;
+
+        trace!("Got data {:x}", &mut buf[..read_len as usize]);
+
+        Ok(read_len as usize)
+    }
+}

src/modulations/lora.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use embedded_hal::digital::OutputPin;
 use embedded_hal_async::spi::SpiDevice;
 
 use crate::error::RadioError;
-use crate::radio::{PaSelection, PacketType, Radio, RampTime, irq};
+use crate::radio::{PaSelection, PacketType, Radio, RampTime, RxGain, irq};
 use crate::traits::{Configure, Receive, Transmit};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ pub struct LoraConfig {
     pub crc_on: bool,
     pub iq_inverted: bool,
     pub sync_word: u16,
+    pub rx_gain: RxGain,
     pub pa: PaSelection,
     pub power_dbm: i8,
     pub ramp: RampTime,
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ impl Default for LoraConfig {
             crc_on: true,
             iq_inverted: false,
             sync_word: 0x1424, // private LoRa network
+            rx_gain: RxGain::PowerSaving,
             pa: PaSelection::LowPower,
             power_dbm: 14,
             ramp: RampTime::Us40,
@@ -235,8 +237,10 @@ impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Receive
         // Stop RX timer on preamble detection (required for proper RX behavior)
         self.radio.set_stop_rx_timer_on_preamble(true).await?;
 
-        // Set RX gain (0x94 = normal, 0x96 = boosted)
+        // Set RX gain
-        self.radio.write_register(0x08AC, &[0x94]).await?;
+        self.radio
+            .write_register(0x08AC, &[self.config.rx_gain as u8])
+            .await?;
 
         // Convert ms to 15.625µs steps (ms * 64), 0 = single mode, 0xFFFFFF = continuous
         let timeout_steps = if timeout_ms == 0 {

src/modulations/mod.rs

@@ -1,2 +1,7 @@
 pub mod bpsk;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
+pub mod fsk;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
 pub mod lora;
+#[cfg(feature = "hal")]
+pub mod msk;

src/modulations/msk.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+use defmt::{debug, trace};
+use embedded_hal::digital::OutputPin;
+use embedded_hal_async::spi::SpiDevice;
+
+use crate::{
+    RadioError,
+    radio::{PaSelection, PacketType, Radio, RampTime, RxGain, irq},
+    traits::{Configure, Receive, Transmit},
+};
+
+// Re-export shared FSK types
+pub use super::fsk::{
+    AddrComp, Bandwidth, Bitrate, CrcType, PacketLengthType, PreambleDetLength, PulseShape,
+};
+
+impl Bitrate {
+    /// Get the 3-byte Fdev register for MSK (Fdev = bitrate / 4)
+    /// Register = deviation_hz * 2^25 / 32 MHz
+    fn fdev_bytes(self) -> [u8; 3] {
+        let deviation_hz = self.bps() / 4;
+        let val = ((deviation_hz as u64) * (1 << 25)) / 32_000_000;
+        [(val >> 16) as u8, (val >> 8) as u8, val as u8]
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+pub struct MskConfig {
+    pub frequency: u32,
+    pub bitrate: Bitrate,
+    pub pulse_shape: PulseShape,
+    /// Bandwidth of the rx side
+    /// Should be >= 1.5 * bitrate for MSK
+    /// (Carson's rule: BW = 2 * (Fdev + bitrate/2), with Fdev = bitrate/4)
+    /// So for 10kbps signal, it should be
+    /// 2 * (10000/4 + 10000/2) = 15000 Hz
+    pub bandwidth: Bandwidth,
+    pub preamble_len: u16,
+    pub preamble_det: PreambleDetLength,
+    /// Sync word bytes (1-8) written to SUBGHZ_GSYNCR (0x06C0)
+    pub sync_word: [u8; 8],
+    pub addr_comp: AddrComp,
+    pub packet_type: PacketLengthType,
+    pub crc: CrcType,
+    pub whitening: bool,
+    pub rx_gain: RxGain,
+    pub pa: PaSelection,
+    pub power_dbm: i8,
+    pub ramp: RampTime,
+}
+
+impl Default for MskConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            frequency: 868_100_000,
+            bitrate: Bitrate::Custom(600),
+            pulse_shape: PulseShape::GaussianBt05,
+            bandwidth: Bandwidth::Bw4_8kHz,
+            preamble_len: 32,
+            preamble_det: PreambleDetLength::Bits8,
+            // default values taken from RF0461 reference manual
+            sync_word: [0x97, 0x23, 0x52, 0x25, 0x56, 0x53, 0x65, 0x64],
+            addr_comp: AddrComp::Off,
+            packet_type: PacketLengthType::Variable,
+            crc: CrcType::Crc2Byte,
+            whitening: true,
+            rx_gain: RxGain::Boosted,
+            pa: PaSelection::LowPower,
+            power_dbm: 14,
+            ramp: RampTime::Us40,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// (G)MSK modulation implemented via FSK with modulation index 0.5
+/// Borrows a Radio, implements Configure + Transmit + Receive
+pub struct MskRadio<'a, SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> {
+    radio: &'a mut Radio<SPI, TX, RX, EN>,
+    payload_len: u8,
+    config: MskConfig,
+}
+
+impl<'a, SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin>
+    MskRadio<'a, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
+{
+    pub fn new(radio: &'a mut Radio<SPI, TX, RX, EN>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            radio,
+            payload_len: 0,
+            config: MskConfig::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Re-send SetPacketParams with updated payload length
+    async fn update_payload_len(&mut self, len: u8) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
+        debug!("Updating payload length to {}", len);
+        if len == self.payload_len {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        self.payload_len = len;
+        self.send_packet_params(len).await
+    }
+
+    /// Send FSK SetPacketParams with the given payload length
+    async fn send_packet_params(&mut self, payload_len: u8) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
+        let cfg = &self.config;
+        self.radio
+            .set_packet_params(&[
+                (cfg.preamble_len >> 8) as u8,
+                cfg.preamble_len as u8,
+                cfg.preamble_det as u8,
+                cfg.sync_word.len() as u8 * 8, // SyncWordLen in bits
+                cfg.addr_comp as u8,
+                cfg.packet_type as u8,
+                payload_len,
+                cfg.crc as u8,
+                if cfg.whitening { 0x01 } else { 0x00 },
+            ])
+            .await
+    }
+}
+
+impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Configure
+    for MskRadio<'_, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
+{
+    type Config = MskConfig;
+
+    async fn configure(&mut self, config: &Self::Config) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
+        self.config = *config;
+
+        // Use FSK packet type - MSK is FSK with modulation index 0.5
+        self.radio.set_packet_type(PacketType::Fsk).await?;
+
+        // Write sync word to SUBGHZ_GSYNCR (0x06C0)
+        self.radio.write_register(0x06C0, &config.sync_word).await?;
+
+        // Set FSK packet params
+        self.send_packet_params(0).await?;
+
+        // RF frequency
+        self.radio.set_rf_frequency(config.frequency).await?;
+
+        // Modulation params: FSK format with Fdev = bitrate/4 for MSK
+        let br = config.bitrate.to_bytes();
+        let fdev = config.bitrate.fdev_bytes();
+        self.radio
+            .set_modulation_params(&[
+                br[0],
+                br[1],
+                br[2],
+                config.pulse_shape as u8,
+                config.bandwidth as u8,
+                fdev[0],
+                fdev[1],
+                fdev[2],
+            ])
+            .await?;
+
+        // PA config + TX power
+        self.radio
+            .set_output_power(config.pa, config.power_dbm, config.ramp)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Transmit
+    for MskRadio<'_, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
+{
+    async fn tx(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), RadioError> {
+        if data.len() > 255 {
+            return Err(RadioError::PayloadTooLarge);
+        }
+
+        // Write payload to radio buffer
+        self.radio.set_buffer_base(0x00, 0x00).await?;
+        self.radio.write_buffer(0x00, data).await?;
+
+        // Update packet params with actual payload length
+        self.update_payload_len(data.len() as u8).await?;
+
+        // Clear any stale IRQ flags before starting TX
+        self.radio.clear_irq(irq::ALL).await?;
+
+        // Enable IRQs on DIO1
+        self.radio.set_dio1_irq(irq::TX_DONE | irq::TIMEOUT).await?;
+
+        // Start TX
+        self.radio.set_tx(0).await?;
+
+        // Wait until it's done or until timeout
+        let status = self.radio.poll_irq(irq::TX_DONE | irq::TIMEOUT).await?;
+        if status & irq::TIMEOUT != 0 {
+            return Err(RadioError::Timeout);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<SPI: SpiDevice, TX: OutputPin, RX: OutputPin, EN: OutputPin> Receive
+    for MskRadio<'_, SPI, TX, RX, EN>
+{
+    async fn rx(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8], timeout_ms: u32) -> Result<usize, RadioError> {
+        // Set max payload length we can accept
+        let max_len = buf.len().min(255) as u8;
+        self.update_payload_len(max_len).await?;
+
+        // Set buffer base addresses
+        self.radio.set_buffer_base(0x00, 0x00).await?;
+
+        // Clear any stale IRQ flags before starting RX
+        self.radio.clear_irq(irq::ALL).await?;
+
+        // Enable RX-related IRQs on DIO1
+        self.radio
+            .set_dio1_irq(irq::RX_DONE | irq::TIMEOUT | irq::CRC_ERR | irq::SYNC_WORD_VALID)
+            .await?;
+
+        // Stop RX timer on preamble detection (required for proper RX behavior)
+        self.radio.set_stop_rx_timer_on_preamble(true).await?;
+
+        // Set RX gain
+        self.radio
+            .write_register(0x08AC, &[self.config.rx_gain as u8])
+            .await?;
+
+        // Convert ms to 15.625µs steps, 0 = single, 0xFFFFFF = continuous
+        let timeout_steps = if timeout_ms == 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            timeout_ms.saturating_mul(64).min(0xFFFFFF)
+        };
+        self.radio.set_rx(timeout_steps).await?;
+
+        // Wait for something to happen
+        let status = self
+            .radio
+            .poll_irq(irq::RX_DONE | irq::TIMEOUT | irq::CRC_ERR)
+            .await?;
+
+        // Check what happened
+        if status & irq::TIMEOUT != 0 {
+            return Err(RadioError::Timeout);
+        }
+        if status & irq::CRC_ERR != 0 {
+            return Err(RadioError::CrcInvalid);
+        }
+
+        // Read received data from the radio buffer
+        let (len, offset) = self.radio.get_rx_buffer_status().await?;
+        let read_len = len.min(buf.len() as u8);
+        self.radio
+            .read_buffer(offset, &mut buf[..read_len as usize])
+            .await?;
+
+        trace!("Got data {:x}", &mut buf[..read_len as usize]);
+
+        Ok(read_len as usize)
+    }
+}

src/radio.rs

@@ -88,6 +88,16 @@ pub enum PaSelection {
     HighPower,
 }
 
+/// RX gain setting (register 0x08AC)
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum RxGain {
+    /// Power saving gain
+    PowerSaving = 0x94,
+    /// Boosted gain (better sensitivity)
+    Boosted = 0x96,
+}
+
 /// Standby mode clock source
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, defmt::Format)]
 #[repr(u8)]